Through rain, sleet, hail, and even a pandemic, post workers serve every address in the United States, but the coronavirus crisis is shaking the foundation of the US Postal Service (USPS) in new and dire ways.
The Postal Service’s decades-long financial troubles have worsened dramatically as the volume of the kind of mail that pays the agency’s bills ― first-class and marketing mail ― withers during the coronavirus pandemic. The USPS needs an infusion of money, and Donald Trump has blocked potential emergency funding for the agency that employs around 600,000 workers, repeating instead the false claim that higher rates for internet shipping companies Amazon, FedEx and UPS would right the service’s budget.
Mr Trump threatened to veto the $2.2 trillion (£1.8 trillion) Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or Cares Act, if the legislation contained any money directed to bail out the postal agency, according to a senior Trump administration official and a congressional official who, like others in this report, spoke on the condition of anonymity.
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“We told them very clearly that the president was not going to sign the bill if [money for the Postal Service] was in it,” the Trump administration official said. “I don’t know if we used the v-bomb, but the president was not going to sign it, and we told them that.”
Instead, senators Gary Peters, and Ron Johnson added a last minute $10bn (£8bn) Treasury Department loan to the Cares Act to keep the agency on firmer ground through the spring of 2020, according to a Democratic committee aide.
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1/18 Najaf, Iraq
A man holds a pocket watch at noon, at an almost empty market near the Imam Ali shrine
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2/18 Bangkok, Thailand
Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram (The Temple of the Emerald Buddha, part of The Grand Palace)
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3/18 Prague, Czech Republic
An empty street leading to the historic Old Town Square
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Lawn stretching towards the Capitol, home of Congress
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A watch showing the time in front of Damascus Gate
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The Houses of Parliament seen from Westminster Bridge
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7/18 Wuhan, China
Empty lanes in the city that saw the first outbreak of disease
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8/18 Havana, Cuba
The Malecon road and esplanade winds along the city’s seafront
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9/18 Cairo, Egypt
A little busier than elsewhere: midday traffic in Tahrir Square
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10/18 Berlin, Germany
The Brandenburg Gate, the only surviving city gate in the capital
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11/18 Caracas, Venezuela
Bolivar Avenue, opened in 1949 and the site of many demonstrations and rallies
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12/18 Moscow, Russia
Spasskaya Tower (left) on the eastern wall of the Kremlin, and St Basil’s Cathedral
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13/18 Istanbul,Turkey
The harbourside Eminonu district is usually buzzing with activity
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14/18 New Delhi, India
Rajpath, a ceremonial boulevard that runs through the capital
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15/18 Amman, Jordan
The Roman amphitheatre that dates back to the 2nd century AD
Reuters
16/18 New York City, US
The main concourse of Grand Central station in Manhattan
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17/18 Kiev, Ukraine
Maidan Nezalezhnosti, the site of many political protests since the end of the Soviet era
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18/18 Accra, Ghana
The odd walker out in the midday sun on Ring Road Central
Reuters
1/18 Najaf, Iraq
A man holds a pocket watch at noon, at an almost empty market near the Imam Ali shrine
Reuters
2/18 Bangkok, Thailand
Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram (The Temple of the Emerald Buddha, part of The Grand Palace)
Reuters
3/18 Prague, Czech Republic
An empty street leading to the historic Old Town Square
Reuters
4/18 Washington DC, US
Lawn stretching towards the Capitol, home of Congress
Reuters
5/18 Jerusalem’s Old City
A watch showing the time in front of Damascus Gate
Reuters
6/18 London, UK
The Houses of Parliament seen from Westminster Bridge
Reuters
7/18 Wuhan, China
Empty lanes in the city that saw the first outbreak of disease
Reuters
8/18 Havana, Cuba
The Malecon road and esplanade winds along the city’s seafront
Reuters
9/18 Cairo, Egypt
A little busier than elsewhere: midday traffic in Tahrir Square
Reuters
10/18 Berlin, Germany
The Brandenburg Gate, the only surviving city gate in the capital
Reuters
11/18 Caracas, Venezuela
Bolivar Avenue, opened in 1949 and the site of many demonstrations and rallies
Reuters
12/18 Moscow, Russia
Spasskaya Tower (left) on the eastern wall of the Kremlin, and St Basil’s Cathedral
Reuters
13/18 Istanbul,Turkey
The harbourside Eminonu district is usually buzzing with activity
Reuters
14/18 New Delhi, India
Rajpath, a ceremonial boulevard that runs through the capital
Reuters
15/18 Amman, Jordan
The Roman amphitheatre that dates back to the 2nd century AD
Reuters
16/18 New York City, US
The main concourse of Grand Central station in Manhattan
Reuters
17/18 Kiev, Ukraine
Maidan Nezalezhnosti, the site of many political protests since the end of the Soviet era
Reuters
18/18 Accra, Ghana
The odd walker out in the midday sun on Ring Road Central
Reuters
Congress originally agreed to a $13bn (£10.4bn) direct grant the Postal Service would not have to repay. That effort was blocked by Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury secretary, who warned such a move could blow up the relief bill. A committee aide said Mr Mnuchin told the panel during negotiations: “You can have a loan or you can have nothing at all.”
Only the $10bn loan to the Postal Service made it into law, over Mr Mnuchin’s objections.
Without the loan, which awaits approval by the Treasury Department, the Postal Service would be “financially illiquid” by 30 September, according to estimates proed to members of Congress. Advocates for the Postal Service worry the agency is in a vulnerable position. As its main funding source dwindles, the Postal Service could be seen as ripe for a makeover; conservatives have long talked about privatising the mail delivery in the United States.
The Postal Service projects it will lose $2bn each month through the coronavirus recession while postal workers maintain the nationwide service of delivering essential mail and parcels, such as prescriptions, food and household necessities.
That work often comes at great personal risk. Nearly 500 postal workers have tested positive for the coronavirus and 462 others are presumptive positives, USPS leaders told Congress members. Nineteen have died; more than 6,000 are in self-quarantine because of exposure.
While the Trump Administration and Mr Mnuchin pushed through private-sector bailouts in the Cares Act – $350bn (£281bn) to the Small Business Administration loan program, $29 billion to passenger airlines and air cargo carriers, and economic incentives for the construction, energy and life sciences industries, among others – Mr Mnuchin has signalled any postal relief funds in a “Phase IV” stimulus package under negotiation would amount to a poison pill.
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Postmaster general Megan Brennan asked Congress on Thursday for another $50bn (£40bn) – $25bn to offset lost revenue from declining mail volume due to the coronavirus and $25bn for “modernisation” – plus another $25bn Treasury loan and a mechanism to pay down $14bn in existing public debt.
House Democrats, led by representative Gerald Connolly of Virginia cautioned that without the funding, the Postal Service may not make it past September without missing payrolls or service interruptions. Senate Republicans insist the $10bn loan from the Cares Act proed sufficient short-term liquidity, the staffer said, and the Senate would not vote to extend more money to an agency unlikely to make good on its borrowing.
Nearly 500 postal workers have tested positive with the virus (AP)
“I’m so frustrated at how difficult it has been for a long time to galvanize attention and action around an essential service,” Mr Connolly said in a phone interview. “And maybe the pandemic forces us all to refocus on this service and how essential it is and how we need to fix it while we can before it gets into critical condition.”
Mr Trump has long been antagonistic of the post office, calling it once in a tweet Amazon’s “delivery boy”. The Postal Service often serves as a vendor for Amazon, UPS, FedEx and other shipping companies, delivering the “last mile” service to often rural and remote areas. It is a crucial service for the Postal Service, for which package delivery is a growing part of its business.
Much of Mr Trump’s invective on the Postal Service is aimed at Amazon founder and chief executive Jeff Bezos, who owns The Washington Post. Mr Trump has advocated for increasing the prices on Amazon deliveries, against the recommendation of shipping experts and the agency’s own Board of Governors, a majority of whom Mr Trump appointed.
“They should raise, they have to raise the prices to these companies that walk in and drop thousands of packages on the floor of the post office and say: ‘Deliver it,’” Mr Trump said at a news conference on Wednesday. “And they make money, but the post office gets killed. OK? So they ought to do that, and we are looking into it, and we’ve been pushing them now for over a year.”
Raising rates too much would lead private-sector competitors to develop their own cheaper methods to deliver packages, said Lori Rectanus, director of physical infrastructure at the Government Accountability Office. Even if a rate increase generates revenue, that money would be marginal to the total Postal Service debt, almost all of which comes from a congressional requirement to prepay pension and retiree health care costs for all employees, even those who haven’t yet retired.
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Under normal market conditions, the Postal Service nearly breaks even, save for the pension account debt, despite cratering volume on deliveries in recent years. In 2010, it delivered 77.6 billion items of first-class mail. In 2019, it delivered only 54.9 billion first-class items. The service handled 3.1 billion packages in 2010 and 6.2 billion in 2019, although processing packages doesn’t earn the agency as much revenue as first-class mail delivery.
The coronavirus has completely upended consumer behavior and the quantity of items in the mail. Volume in the first week of March declined 30 per cent, postal agency officials told members of Congress. At the end of June, the agency projects volume to be down 50 per cent, and it could lose $23bn (£18.4bn) over the next 18 months.
“We are at a critical juncture in the life of the Postal Service,” Ms Brennan, the postmaster general, said in a statement. “At a time when America needs the Postal Service more than ever, the reason we are so needed is having a devastating effect on our business.”
The Postal Service has faced financial troubles for more than a decade, as digital communication morphed and took off, giving members of Congress many opportunities to debate its future. The Postal Service is so foundational to the country that it is enumerated in the Constitution.
The agency’s troubles have renewed conservative conversations about structural changes that would force the Postal Service to act more like a corporation, with steps such as eliminating the prepaid pension requirement and easing its universal service obligation to deliver to every address in the United States, including ones so remote.
“If we’re concerned about the Postal Service and its workers,” said Romina Boccia, an economist at the right-leaning Heritage Foundation, “the best thing we can do is to free up the Postal Service to operate like a business so they can try to get back into the black.”
The Washington Post
