By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent
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Hundreds of thousands of children at higher risk from coronavirus infection are to be offered a Co vaccine in the UK.
However, the vast majority of children will not be immunised.
Which children will be offered the vaccine?
The eence on the harms and benefits of vaccination has been reviewed by the UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI).
It has recommended vaccinating children aged 12-15 if they are at higher risk of Co due to:
Severe neurodisability (which could include conditions such as cerebral palsy, autism or epilepsy)Down’s syndromeA severely weakened immune system, including some children with cancerProfound and multiple learning difficulties
Those at higher risk who are already aged 16 or 17 can be vaccinated under existing rules.
The JCVI has also recommended immunising 12-17 year olds who live with people who have a suppressed immune system, as a form of indirect protection.
What about those who are nearly 18?
Young people who are within three months of turning 18 will also be offered the jab.
Born in the summer, they would be the youngest in their classes. The aim would be to get them protected before going to university or starting work.
Which vaccine will they get?
It will be the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
This is the only vaccine that has been approved for use in children in the UK. The medicines and safety regulator has given a license for the vaccine to be used in the over 12s.
image copyrightimage captionNurse prepares a Pfizer vaccine dose
Is the Co vaccine safe for children?
No medicine is completely safe and all are a balance of risk and benefit.
But the Pfizer jab wouldn’t have been approved for UK use if it wasn’t considered safe.
The vaccine has been linked to incredibly rare cases of inflammation of the heart muscle (myocaritis) and of the sac the heart beats inside (pericarditis). This was found to be more common in younger men and after a second dose.
But the European Medicines Agency – which approves vaccines for the European Union – says there have been one-to-two cases per million people given the vaccine. Nearly everyone made a full recovery.
What are other countries doing?
Many countries have already decided to vaccinate children over the age of 12 – including Canada and Brazil.
The EU approved the Pfizer vaccine for over-12s in May – after a study found a similar immune response in 12- to 15-year-olds as for 16- to 25-year-olds. Children were also found to experience the same common side effects, such as headaches.
Both Pfizer and Moderna are conducting trials of their vaccines on children as young as six months old.
Will all UK children be offered the vaccine?
The government’s vaccine advisors say the benefits of being vaccinated are very small in healthy children. This is because so few children become seriously ill or die from Co.
The JCVI also says the benefit to adults from vaccinating children (to limit the spread of Co) is unclear as so many vulnerable people have been immunised already. It also says there is no clear eence that vaccinating children will prevent youngsters from getting long-Co.
However, the JCVI is waiting for more safety and effectiveness data to see if more children should be offered jabs.
There is no vaccine currently approved for use in the under 12s in the UK.
image copyrightimage captionYoung person vaccinated in north London
How many children have died from Co?
Almost all children and young people are at very low risk from Co-19.
Data for England suggests about 25 children died from Co in the first 12 months of the pandemic.
The majority of them also had severe health problems, including complex neurodisabilities.
Only six had no recorded health conditions.
